SUARA UNICEF OFFICIAL WEBSITE: 1 KOMUNITI 1 PERSATUAN.."Kami sokong..Anda Bagaimana??"

KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HIV/AIDS

In the United States, over 600,000 reported cases of AIDS have been recorded since 1981 and it is believed that 900,000 Americans may be infected with HIV. Although development time varies from individual to individual, since 1992 scientists have estimated that roughly half of the people living with HIV will develop AIDS within 10 years of becoming infected. AIDS is growing most rapidly among minority populations, as well as women and injection drug users. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the prevalence of AIDS is six times higher in African-Americans and three times higher among Hispanics than among whites.
AIDS was first reported in the United States in 1981 and HIV was first identified in 1983, however, studies of stored blood samples indicate that HIV first entered the U.S. population in the late 1970s. Recently, there has been an overall stabilization in the emergence of new AIDS cases in the United States, however, worldwide the epidemic continues to rage, particularly in developing countries and the African continent. According to the NIAID, an estimated 30.6 million globally were living with HIV/AIDS as of December 1997 and the figure was projected to reach 40 million by the year 2000 -- more than 75% of adult infections were as a result of heterosexual contact.

What is HIV?
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that leads to AIDS. HIV belongs to a subset of retroviruses called lentiviruses (or slow viruses), which means that there is an interval -- sometimes years -- between the initial infection and the onset of symptoms. Upon entering the bloodstream -- through mucous membranes or blood-to-blood contact -- HIV infects the CD4+T cells and begins to replicate rapidly.
Scientists believe that when the virus enters the body, HIV begins to disable the body's immune system by using the body's aggressive immune responses to the virus to infect, replicate and kill immune system cells. Gradual deterioration of immune function and eventual destruction of lymphoid and immunologic organs is central to triggering the immunosuppression that leads to AIDS.

What is AIDS?
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the final stage of HIV infection. The Centers for Disease Control establish the definition of AIDS, which occurs in HIV-infected persons with fewer than 200 CD4+T cells and/or persons with HIV who develop certain opportunistic infections. In 1992, the CDC redefined AIDS to include 26 CDC-defined AIDS indicator illnesses and clinical conditions that affect persons with advanced HIV.

What is a retrovirus?
A retrovirus is any of a group of viruses that contain two single-strand linear RNA molecules per virion, which means it carries its genetic blueprint in the form of ribonucleic acid (RNA) instead of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Additionally, the enzyme reverse transcriptase is employed to copy its genome into the DNA of the host cell's chromosomes. Usually the cellular process involves transcription of DNA into RNA. Reverse transcriptase makes it possible for genetic material to become permanently incorporated into the DNA genome of an infected cell.

What is the distinction between HIV and AIDS?
AIDS is a disease developed by a person living with HIV, which is a viral organism. The term AIDS applies to the most advanced stages of HIV infection. Although an HIV-positive test result does not mean that a person has AIDS, most people will develop AIDS as a result of their HIV infection.
There are four main stages in the progression of an HIV infected person developing AIDS. The period following the initial HIV infection is called the window period. It is called this because this period reflects the window of time between infection with the virus and when HIV antibodies develop in the bloodstream. An HIV test that looks for antibodies taken during this time can result in a false negative, though antibodies usually appear within six months of the initial infection.
Seroconversion refers to the period of time during which your body is busy producing HIV antibodies, trying to protect itself against the virus. This is the period after the initial infection when many people experience flu-like symptoms and swollen lymph nodes – this is a highly infectious stage.
After most people seroconvert, they usually experience a symptom-free period or asymptomatic period. This stage can last anywhere from 6 months to over 10 years, varying from person to person. Although the person with HIV is experiencing no symptoms, the virus is still replicating inside the body and weakening the immune system.
After this period, severe CD4+T cell loss leads to the symptomatic period, in which the body experiences the symptoms associated with HIV. This is the final stage before developing AIDS.

What are CD4+T cells?
CD4+T cells are the immune system's key infection fighters and the entity that allows HIV to enter, attach and infect the body's immune system. The CD4+T cells (also called T4 cells) are disabled and destroyed by the virus, often with no symptoms, causing a significant decrease in the blood levels of T4 cells. In the advanced stages of HIV, the body may have fewer than 200 T4 cells, while a healthy adult's count is 1,000 or more. In this way, the body's immune system is continuously weakened from the moment of infection and the inability of the immune system to fight infection opens the door to opportunistic infections.

What are opportunistic infections?
According to the CDC, AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses are the major cause of morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. Opportunistic infections are a result of the weakened immune system present in persons with HIV/AIDS. An infection takes the "opportunity" provided by the weakened immune system to cause an illness that is usually controlled by a healthy immune system. These infections are sometimes life-threatening and require medical intervention to prevent or treat serious illnesses. Persons living with advanced HIV infection suffer opportunistic infections of the lungs, brain, eyes and other organs. The 26 CDC-defined AIDS indicator illnesses are opportunistic infections. There are medical treatments that can slow the rate at which the immune system is weakened and early detection offers more options for treatment and preventative care.

How is HIV transmitted?
HIV infection most commonly occurs through sexual contact. However, the virus can also be spread through blood-to-blood contact -- such as sharing needles or blood transfusions involving unscreened blood. Studies have shown that HIV is not transmitted through casual contact such as touching or sharing towels, bedding, utensils, telephones, swimming pools, or toilet seats. Scientists have also found no evidence of transmission through kissing, sweat, tears, urine or feces. It is important to acknowledge that it is not sex that transmits HIV, but certain bodily fluids: blood, semen (including "pre-cum"), vaginal secretions and breast milk. High-risk behaviors that can result in HIV transmission are sharing needles for drugs, tattoos, body piercing, vitamins or steroids with an HIV-infected person and/or engaging in unprotected anal, vaginal or oral sex with a person who is HIV infected. The virus also can be transmitted from an HIV-infected mother to her child through pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding.
It does appear that persons already infected with a sexually transmitted disease are more susceptible to acquiring HIV during sex with an infected partner. Mucous membranes, a weak point in the skin, include the lips, mouth, vagina, vulva, penis or rectum. Because mucous membranes are porous and viruses and other pathogens are able to pass through, these areas are rich in immune cells. When a person already has a sexually transmitted disease, sex organs may be flooded with CD4+T cells, making it much easier for HIV to infect.
The only way to determine HIV infection is to be tested for the virus. It is not unusual for HIV-infected persons to experience symptoms years after the initial infection; some may be symptom free for over 10 years. However, during the asymptomatic period, the virus is actively multiplying and destroying cells in the immune system, weakening the body's ability to fight infection. The effect is most keenly observed in the decline of the immune system's key infection fighters in the blood, the CD4+T cells. There are medical treatments that can reduce the rate at which HIV disables the immune system; early detection offers more options for treatment and preventative care. As a matter of safety, people who engage in high-risk behaviors -- such as intravenous drug use or having unprotected

September 08, 2009

1 KOMUNITI 1 PERSATUAN.."Kami sokong..Anda Bagaimana??"

Apakah nama kempen ini?Mengapa kempen ini diadakan?
Ini adalah Kempen " Satu Suara : Satu Komuniti Satu Persatuan " yang telah dirasmikan oleh Menteri Belia dan Sukan Dato' Sri Ismail Sabri bin Yaakob pada 22 Mac 2009. Kempen ini disasarkan kepada golongan muda dan belia , untuk mewujudkan persatuan mereka sendiri di dalam komuniti masyarakat.

Adakah saya boleh menubuhkan persatuan sendiri?
Ya , betul tu . Kempen ini memberi laluan kepada golongan belia untuk mewujudkan persatuan atau kumpulan belia mereka sendiri. Bukan hanya kepada belia di bandar-bandar utama, tetapi belia-belia di kawasan pekan dan pendalaman juga boleh menyertai kempen ini.

Saya masih tidak faham,apakah objektif utama kempen ini?
Kempen ini dilaksanakan dengan sasaran untuk memberi peluang kepada para belia. Untuk membina persatuan mereka sendiri. Persatuan yang terbina , adalah berdasarkan dari satu persamaan minat yang sama antara ahli.

Apakah objektif lain kempen ini?
Dengan tertubuhnya kempen ini , maka akan ada penyertaan para belia untuk menyertai persatuan belia baru.
Manakala persatuan yang sedia ada akan sentiasa aktif dengan penambahan ahli baru dan aktiviti terkini.

Tujuan kempen ini ?
Kempen ini bertujuan penuh untuk memberi laluan kepada penubuhan persatuan-persatuan baru , yang dinamik dan bervariasi serta memenuhi citarasa belia masa kini. Secara mudahnya , dengan penubuhan persatuan-persatuan ini , golongan belia akan bersatu sebagai satu komuniti kecil yang mampu mendengar suara , permasalahan dan apa yang mereka mahukan.

Apakah perubahan yang akan dilakukan oleh persatuan belia ?
Dahulu jika disebut persatuan belia , kita pasti akan membayangkan setiap ahli persatuan wajib mengenakan baju batik dan berimej penuh skema. Ini adalah langkah pertama untuk memberi nafas baru , dan mengubah persepsi umum terhadap imej belia dan persatuan di Malaysia. Yang pastinya , semua ini tidak akan berubah , jika anda semua sebagai belia tidak memberi sokongan terhadap kempen ini.

Bagaimana saya boleh menunjukkan sokongan terhadap kempen ini ?
Anda boleh memberi sokongan dengan menyebarkan info mengenai kempen ini kepada jiran , kawan , saudara mara dan sebagainya untuk menyertai kempen terbaru ini. Harapan kita, objektif untuk mengumpul seramai 1 juta belia untuk menyertai kempen ini akan berjaya dengan sokongan semua.

Berapa umur kumpulan sasaran untuk menyertai kempen ini?
Kumpulan sasaran utama bagi kempen ini ialah golongan-golongan belia yang berumur 14 hingga 40 tahun.
Jadi jangan bimbang , peluang sentiasa ada . Dan pelbagai aktiviti dalam bermacam bidang dan minat akan disediakan untuk anda semua.

Saya tidak berpengalaman dalam berpersatuan, bolehkah saya menyertai kempen ini?

Jangan risau , inilah masanya untuk kita mengajar diri dalam hidup berkomuniti. Sudah tiba masanya untuk belia baru Malaysia , berani untuk menyahut cabaran baru. Buangkan perasaan gusar atau malu. Katakan saya mampu bersuara , satu komuniti ini adalah untuk saya dan semua. Jumpa kawan dan aktiviti baru untuk di kongsi bersama. Jagan bosankan hidup dengan membuang masa . Inilah peluang untuk kita membuktikan kita mampu menjadi ahli terhebat dalam satu komuniti masyarakat. Sertailah mana-mana persatuan yang anda mahu , atau mulakan satu persatuan yang baru.

Langkah 1 - Bukan susah - senang jerkkk
Langkah 2 - Apa yang anda minat ?? ( buat keputusan )
Langkah 3 - Cari sekurang-kurangnya 7 orang
Langkah 4 - Pilih nama persatuan
Langkah 5 - Hubungi ROY -> ( Portal Pejabat Pendaftaran Penubuhan Belia )
Langkah 6 - Insentif penubuhan persatuan baru ( RM 1000.00 )

SUARA UNICEF OFFICIAL WEBSITE

KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HIV/AIDS

September 08, 2009

1 KOMUNITI 1 PERSATUAN.."Kami sokong..Anda Bagaimana??"

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